松濤派

Shōtō-ha Shōrin-ryū Karate Kenpō to Kobujutsu

松濤派 少林流 唐手拳法 と 古武術


Funakoshi Okinawa Karati

船越 沖縄 唐手 (空手)


Master Gichin Funakoshi's 20 Precepts (Nijū Kun) 松濤 二十訓
Martial, philosophical, moral and ethical advice from the text "Bubishi"

 Study of the Classics
Junbi Undō 準備運動 & Hojo Undō 補助運動
  • Relevant calisthenics
  • Exercises and equipment for blocking and striking training, developing bones, muscles, and connective tissue, including the makiwara (machiwara), jari game, ishi, toe training, tetsu-sashi, chi-tetsu, geta, nigiri game (niji'in gāmi), floating arm, bungee / inner-tube, tetsu-ēku, heavy bag, water-filled buckets, bamboo, push-ups, sit-ups, leg-lifts, running, jumping, stance training, squatting, kneeling, and interval training.

Ryūkyū Kenpō Kata 琉球拳法型

Primarily from the experts Gichin Funakoshi (Yoshin Tominakoshi) noted, though also from others, possibly including Anri and Kojō:
Masters Asato, Itosu (Shishū), Sōkon Matsumura, Kiyuna, Tōonno (Hijonna / Higaonna) & Aragaki.
These experts have lineages as follows:
Matsumura (Machimura) – Asato, Itosu, Kiyuna
Gusukuma – Itosu
Nagahama – Itosu
Monk Fist and Dragon Boxing – Aragaki
Iwah – Matsumura
Yabiku – Matsumura
Ijuin Yashichiro – Matsumura, Asato
Sakugawa – Matsumura
Kusanku – Sakugawa
Takahara – Sakugawa
Jigen-ryu – Sakugawa
Chinese from Annan – Gusukuma, Matsumora, and others
Matsumora – Itosu
Ason – Nagahama
Waishinzan – Hijonna
Aragaki – Hijonna.
  • naihanchi ナイハンチ / 内胖戦 kata (ichi, ni, san / shodan, nidan, sandan) – Meaning: Inside-limits-fighting; Internal Battle –  Itosu – possibly Asato / Matsumura – Funakoshi (Arhat (monk) boxing) – Usually associated with Tumai (Tomari) and Sui (Shuri) karati.
  • pin'an 平安 kata (shodan*(1), nidan, sandan, yodan, godan) – Meaning: Safe and sound; Safety; Peace; Romanised Mandarin: Píng’ān – Itosu / Funakoshi (Arhat and crane boxing) – Itosu karati.
  • passai (dai & shō) パッサイ/ 抜塞 – Meaning: Close and block – Itosu / Asato / Funakoshi; Itosu / Funakoshi (Arhat boxing and bōjutsu) – Associated with Tumai (Tomari) and Sui (Shuri) karati.
  • kūsankū (dai 大 & shō 小) 公相君 (大 – 古流) – Meaning: After Master Kūsankū – (大) Asato 安里 / Funakoshi; (小) Itosu / Funakoshi (white crane boxing and bōjutsu) – Usually associated with Sui (Shuri) karati.
  • sēsan 十三(手) – Meaning: 13-hands – Asato / Funakoshi (Arhat boxing) – Found in many areas, including Sui (Shuri), Tumai (Tomari), Naafa (Naha), Kume (Aragaki), and Fujian.
  • chintō チントウ – Meaning: Said to perhaps be named after a Chinese expert called Chintō, or just a Chinese from Annan - Itosu / Funakoshi (white crane boxing) - Usually associated with Tumai (Tomari) karati.
  • wansū 汪輯 – Meaning: After a Chinese expert, Master Wansū (Wang Ji) – Itosu / Funakoshi (white crane boxing and bōjutsu) – Associated with Tumai (Tomari) karati, possibly since circa 1683.
  • jitte 十手 – Meaning: Ten hands – Itosu / Funakoshi (illustration 2) (Arhat boxing and bōjutsu and saijutsu) – Associated with Tumai (Tomari) karati, from the Chinese from Annan.
  • jion 慈恩 – Meaning: After the monk and temple Jion – Itosu / Funakoshi (Arhat boxing) – Associated with Tumai (Tomari) karati, related to jitte and ji'in.
  • ji'in 慈陰 – Meaning: Kindness and softness – Itosu / Funakoshi (Arhat boxing) – Associated with Tumai (Tomari) karati, from the Chinese from Annan.
  • mariti (chinte) 珍手 (Funakoshi karati version) – Meaning: Unusual hands (Mabuni version) – Itosu / Funakoshi (white crane boxing) – Associated with Tumai (Tomari) karati, from the Chinese from Annan.
  • Funakoshi rōhai 船越 老梅 (meikyō 明鏡) – Meaning: Mirror – derived from the three Itosu rōhai (white crane boxing) – Funakoshi karati.
  • Origins: Itosu rōhai 糸洲 老梅 (example 1; example 2; example 3; example 4) (white crane boxing) – Meaning: Wise regret; Old wise man – Usually associated with Tumai (Tomari) karati.
  • Comparison: Matsumura rōhai*(2) 松村 老梅 (example) (white crane boxing and saijutsu)
  • nisēshi 二十四 – Meaning: 24-steps – Aragaki / Funakoshi (dragon boxing and saijutsu) – This kata is found, in one form or another, in several different lineages, but this version is from Aragaki karati which is from Kume and China. 
  • sōchin 壯鎭 – Meaning: Strong and energetic, but calm – Kudaka / Funakoshi*(3) (dragon boxing, kamajutsu and saijutsu) – This version is from Kudaka.
  • Comparison: Aragaki sōchin (example 1; example 2) (dragon boxing)
  • unsu 雲手 (Shōtō karate version) – Meaning: Cloud hands (Mabuni version) – Aragaki / Funakoshi*(4) (example 2) (white crane and dragon boxing) – This version of unsu is from Aragaki karati, from Kume and China. 
  • ōkan (wankan) 王冠 – Meaning: Crown – Itosu / Funakoshi*(5) (Arhat boxing) – Associated with Tumai (Tomari) karati.
  • ūsēshi (gojūshi-ho) 五十四歩 (known as gojūshiho [dai] later) – Meaning: 54-steps – Asato / Itosu / Funakoshi (white crane boxing) – There are several versions of this kata, in various lineages, but they mostly seem to be related to Machimura (Matsumura) karati, of Sui (Shuri).
  • gojūshi-ho [shō] – Meaning: 54-steps – Itosu / Mabuni (white crane boxing) – the version added to the lineage later, in addition to the original gojūshiho which was altered from its old form
  • Origins: Itosu gojūshiho / ūsēshi (example 1; example 2) (white crane boxing)
  • Origins: Matsumura gojūshiho / ūsēshi (example) (white crane boxing)
  • Funakoshi taikyoku 太極 kata (shodan, nidan, sandan)*(6) (including ten-no-kata 天の型) (Arhat boxing) – Meaning of taikyoku: Grand ultimate; Meaning of ten: Universe / Heaven, as in Tenchijin (Heaven, Earth and Man) – Funakoshi karati.
Based on Master Shigeru Egami's 1970 text, Karate-Dō: For the Specialist, as a direct source in terms of it having been written by the student who was Master Gichin Funakoshi's primary successor (in the end), any kata can be practised; there are no limits. If you study Funakoshi karate, you simply study karate (karati), the same as any other lineage. Master Funakoshi's kata were taikyoku and ten-no-kata (in conjunction with his son), and meikyō, while his favourite kata, otherwise, were naihanchi, sēsan and kūsankū. Then the kata he focused on teaching ranged from the pin'an to the kata related to the pin'an. Once you add sōchin and ōkan, there are a total of 22 kata (including the "stages" of certain kata). In addition, there is the bōjutsu kata Matsukaze no kon. After those, any kata / quan / system could be practised if desired by you or taught to you, but it is unnecessary to worry about knowing lots of kata. A few other systems could be okay, but there are certainly too many to learn them all. Better to be narrow and deep, than broad and shallow. 

Other kata noted by Master Shigeru Egami in Karate-Dō: For the Specialist (1970):
  • tekki [den] (naihanchi [den])
  • kankū [den] (kūsankū [den])
  • bassai [den] (passai [den])
  • gankaku [den] (chintō [den])
  • gojūshiho (number 1) – like gojūshiho [dai] in some ways, but actually not the same; it seems to be the version found in Mutsu Mizuho's 1933 book, Karate Kenpō Zen, which was first featured in the 1930 text Kenpō Gaisetsu by Miki Jisaburō and Takada (Mutsu) Mizuho. Therefore, it would appear that this gojūshiho was brought back from Okinawa by Miki Jisaburō. As it can be found in the lineage of the Shōtōkai, it seems to have been ratified by Masters Gichin and Gigō Funakoshi. 
  • gojūshiho (number 2) – a different version to any of the others within Shōtō karate
  • jitte [den]
  • jitte (number 2)
  • hangetsu [den] (sēsan [den])
  • sanchin
  • tensho
  • seipai
  • sōchin (number 2) – Aragaki sōchin
  • seiyunchin
  • kururunfa
  • Sueyoshi no kon (which is actually Shūji no kon)
  • Sakugawa no kon
  • Shirotaru no kon
  • Matsukaze no kon
Kata such as unsu and ōkan were not included in the publication, interestingly. Yet both appeared in Karate-Dō Nyūmon in 1943, noted as being practised by that date at the original Shōtōkan (ōkan / wankan / wankuan was brielfy called shōtō, which is the kata the late Master Harada said Master Egami did not fully learn from Master Gigō Funakoshi, and is said to have been another creation of Gigō's, although it is still present in Shōtō karate, whether it is the same version or not...). Nisēshi and any more than just the one gojūshiho were not included in the list. Master Nakayama, in an interview, said that Master Funakoshi suggested he should learn gojūshiho and nisēshi from Master Mabuni to study them further. Nisēshi had been mentioned in Rentan Goshin Karate Jutsu in 1925. It is unclear if it was added back, simply not listed in Karate-Dō Nyūmon, or introduced (properly) by Master Nakayama in 1945 (considering it was taught by Miki Jisaburō and Mutsu Mizuho in the Tōkyō University dōjō, after they quickly learnt several kata from multiple experts). 

Sūpārinpē (hyaku-rei-hachi) 一百零八 – 108 – is taught in Keio University karate, and, according to Sensei Kinichi Mashimo, who learnt directly from Master Gichin Funakoshi and others such as Master Isao Obata (who continued to teach Funakoshi karate at universities such as Keio until he passed away in 1976), Master Gichin Funakoshi supervised the transmission of sūpārinpē at Keio, resulting in the alterations present in their version.

According to the book, Karate: Its History and Practice, by Koyama Masashi, Wada Koji, and Kadekaru Toru, translated into English by Alexander Bennett, Master Gichin Funakoshi taught various additional kata “…to his direct students…” at Keio, including Sanchin and Sūpārinpē, Tensho, and more, and supervised [and altered] other kata (which were taught by other teachers such as Kenwa Mabuni and Kanken Tōyama), in 1929. (Page 140)
Kobujutsu 古武術 / Kobudō 古武道

Funakoshi Bōjutsu to Saijutsu 船越 棒術 と 釵術

Kata taught by Gichin Funakoshi (evidenced by Shinkin Gima):
Kata practised in Keio University karate and / or Shōtōkai
  • Shūji no Kon 周氏の棍
  • Sakugawa no Kon 佐久川の棍
  • Matsukaze no Kon 松風の棍
Karate kata applied to bōjutsu and saijutsu
Other kata noted by Master Shigeru Egami in Karate-Dō: For the Specialist (1970):
  • Shirotaru no Kon 白太郎の棍
*Shūji no Kon is noted as Sueyoshi no Kon. Sueyoshi Bōjutsu was actually originally Shūji no Kon and Chōun no Kon.



Tuidī 捕り手 (Torite, in Romanised Japanese) – including free grappling like tigumi 手組
Iai 居合
Irimi 入り身 / いりみ
Kakidī (Kake-te) 掛け手 – crossing hands (literally, hooked hands), a version of sticking hands (chi sau) / pushing (striking) hands (tui shou)

Strategy 兵法 : Sen (The Initiative)
  • sen-no-sen: creating
  • go-no-sen: luring
  • tai-no-sen: waiting
  • bōju-no-sen: intercepting

Chī (in Okinawan; Qi 氣 in Mandarin Chinese, Ki 気 in Japanese) – Gōng 功

Kumi-bō 組棒
Kumi-sai 組釵
Other pair-work with weapons from Master Funakoshi's teachings

Kyūsho-jutsu 急所術 (otherwise known as “Jintai Kyūsho” in Romanised Japanese)

Resuscitation Techniques (Sosei-jutsu) 蘇生術
Other names include:
Recovery Techniques (Saisei)
Resuscitation Methods (Katsu – "Art of Resuscitation")
Karyō ("Medical Treatment")
Seifuku (Tissue and bone manipulation therapy – "Repositioning")


Funakoshi Karate: The kata concluded to be not additional, based on comparison with several sources / lineages, including Shōtōkai, JKA, Shinkin Gima, Hironori Otsuka, Isao Obata, Keio University karate, and others

Taikyoku
Ten-no-Kata
Meikyō (Funakoshi Rōhai – derived from Itosu Rōhai (I, II, III)
Ōkan (“Shōtō” – Gigō Funakoshi version)
Matsukaze no Kon (Gigō Funakoshi and Tomosaburo Okano kata)


Master Gichin Funakoshi's Favourite Koryū Kata

Naihanchi (I, II, III)
Sēsan
Passai
Kūsankū


Shōtō Karate: Remaining Primary Kata

Pin'an (I–V – said to have been called Channan previously; devised by Itosu, and derived from Kūsankū (Dai & Shō), Naihanchi, Passai, Jion, Jitte, Chintō, and Itosu Rōhai [I, II, III])
Chintō
Wansū
Jitte
Jion

Plus

Sōchin
Tenryū no Kon


The main fighting styles studied in these kata are White Crane Boxing (Baihequan) 白鶴拳, Arhat Fist (Luohanquan) 羅漢拳, Dragon Boxing (Longquan) 龍拳, Tiger Boxing (Huquan) 虎拳, and koryū jūjutsu 古流 柔術, along with the integration of koryū kenjutsu 古流 剣術.


S. Marshall
Godan, Shōrin-ryū Karate
五段 少林流 唐手
開眼


*(1) This fits as a kama kata. However, every kata can be applied to one or more weapons.

 *(2) This kata can be practised as a sai kata.

 *(3) It is Kudaka no sōchin, which can be found in the book, "Essential Shorinjiryu Karatedo", by Masayuki Kukan Hisataka, illustrating Shorinjiryu Kenkokan Karatedo, developed on Kudaka Island. It may subsequently have been altered slightly, perhaps by both Masters Gichin and Gigō Funakoshi. Itosu sōchin would appear to be quite possibly the variation of what is usually called Aragaki sōchin, that is found in Kyudōkan Shōrin-ryū karate of Master Yuchoku Higa. Evidence indicates that the similar version of Aragaki sōchin found in Mabuni Shitō Ryū karate, must be the correct Aragaki sōchin. (Lead to Kudaka sōchin from Sensei Victor Smith, on fightingarts.com.) This could be the kata taught to Gigō Funakoshi by the elderly gentleman who said he would teach the correct version to Gigō's father. This version of sōchin works well as a kama kata and a sai kata. It is also good for defending against the bō.

*(4) May be related to Itosu unsu, based on footage from a different Shōrin-ryū school presenting basically the same version of unsu. 

*(5) It would appear to differ from others, but be related to them, as can be seen, though very different and not found elsewhere. It isn't necessarily from Master Gichin Funakoshi, though; it could be from his son, Gigō, or both together. Although, this, too, could be the kata taught to Gigō by the elderly gentleman who said he would teach it to Gichin Funakoshi. It just so happens that there is a Kudaka wankuan as well as Kudaka sōchin. On the other hand, it could be from Master Itosu, later changed. But his version is very different, and even similarities differ. Of course, it could be said that we can not ever be entirely sure that anything we are taught by any teacher of some martial boxing method/s is actually the "correct" teaching as in the "proper" or "secret" way. Additionally, experts would and do commonly teach each student slightly differently, whether for the individual's benefit or, indeed, to hide or show the true teachings. Maybe the way to look at it is simply that we each make whatever system/s of kenpō we learn our own to one degree or another, so whatever we're taught, and whatever we are told concerning the "real" teachings, perhaps all we can ever do is practise for effectiveness and improving our characters, no matter what we have been taught. If you're told, "This is a secret," accept it but don't dwell on it, and continue to be mindful of what works for you as an individual practitioner. A kata we have seen may not be the actual kata, but if it's effective, from a certain point of view it does not matter too much. Change is natural and continuous, anyway. You keep searching for your own karati throughout your life, regardless.

*(6) Gichin and Gigō Funakoshi kata, noted in the original 1943 Karate-Dō Nyūmon, along with ten-no-kata, and others that have since either been dropped or lost (such kata as hito-no-kata, and chi-no-kata).

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