The first illustration of Master Gichin Funakoshi's Okinawan passai [dai] kata.
In Funakoshi passai [dai], the first and last position, being the same, is a version of the palm-over-fist gesture which is derived from Chinese culture and means "to stop fighting". This is significant, as it illustrates the meaning of karate kenpo in the most simple fashion. These positions, like in the beginning of naihanchi, are not for technical applications. That is the opposite of their meaning. It would be against the essence of Okinawan boxing to apply these postures to fighting, regardless of if they are used for defence. Karate / karati is Okinawan and Chinese, and old Okinawan culture was (is) heavily, though not entirely, Chinese-influenced; kara-ti is karate kenpo or Ryukyu kenpo as in it is the Okinawan style of Chinese boxing, basically.
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