A Demonstration of Gichin Funakoshi's Enpi (Wansu) (a later version)

This illustration of Enpi kata, likely filmed around 1935, is by someone clearly wearing more of a sash, rather than a modern belt. It seems to have been performed at the same time as some other noted videos, but the performer doesn't look the same as the man in the others that are stated to be of Master Gichin Funakoshi. His head doesn't really look comparable, and his gi trousers seem a littler shorter than Funakoshi's usually were, as seen in the performances that do look like they are by him. The style of performance also seems somewhat different. It's a good demonstration for some historical reasons, but I'm not sure this particular video is of Master Gichin Funakoshi. It appears to more likely be of one of his more experienced students.

SRM

Master Gichin Funakoshi's Naihanchi Kata (with comparisons)

What Was / Is Master Gichin Funakoshi's Okinawan Karate Kenpo?

https://www.facebook.com/funakoshishorinryu/posts/1739530419413662

 

Image from page 56 of Karate Jutsu, the English translation of Rentan Goshin Karate Jutsu written by Gichin Funakoshi.

Illustrating knowledge of, and ability to, evade effectively, enter, defend softly  when appropriate, trap the opponent's standing foot, and grip his throat with the finger-tips, all of which place the attacker in a vulnerable position to be taken down, this photograph depicts some of Master Gichin Funakoshi's original Okinawan karate / Ryukyu kenpo / karati teachings.

What were the kobujutsu teachings of Master Gichin Funakoshi's original Ryukyu kenpo?

Master Funakoshi evidently knew bojutsu and saijutsu, although there is no specific direct mention by him detailing any kobujutsu kata that he practised. I read, albeit not from an authoritative source in itself (a forum), that he may have known Tenryu no kon[bo], and that this was his favourite bo kata. Within the feed, Mr Bob McMahon mentions that Master Funakoshi also taught Sunakake no kon. However, he adds that his research has, most definitely, determined that precise origins often remain uncertain. Certainty can be found in an interview with Master Gima Shinkin, stating that Gima learnt Tenryu no kon directly from Master Gichin Funakoshi. You can examine a photo of Master Gichin Funakoshi demonstrating a bojutsu movement on his own, which must surely be presenting a posture from a bo kata. The particular technique, seen at an angle as if the manoeuvre is meant to be performed diagonally, looks as though it could well be from Tenryu no kon, although there are several konbo kata which include a similar posture. With that, of course, it could actually be from a different kata. Unfortunately, there seems to be no description. 

Otherwise, Master Gigo Funakoshi at least knew what could be one of the two Sakugawa no kon, seen in a few pictures of his bojutsu form. I am uncertain as to whether it could be Matsukaze no kon, the bo kata created by Masters Gigo and Okano. It looks more like one of the classical exercises. Whether or not he learnt it from his father is unknown, if it is one of the old forms. It would certainly be logical that Sakugawa no kon was a kata which Master Gichin Funakoshi knew. But there is logic and then there are facts. Mr Bob McMahon also mentioned in the forum feed about Master Gigo Funakoshi knowing Shushi (Shuji) no kon additionally. In Keio University karate the students practise Sakugawa no kon and Shushi no kon, so this possibility is interesting as well as plausible.

Now, Master Gichin Funakoshi had a chance encounter with Master Sueyoshi, the bojutsu expert who devised Sueyoshi no kon. Master Funakoshi explains that they ended up discussing karate and the art of stick fighting, but he did not state anything about having learnt Sueyoshi no kon (comprising Shuji no kon and Choun no kon, not a kata called Sueyoshi no kon or Soeishi no kon) as a result, sooner or later. Perhaps he did, but reading that he did learn the kata is not valid, since there is no actual evidence to suggest that he was taught by Master Sueyoshi. Surely he would have thought to record such a fact while he was noting their "meeting", and as he mentioned Master Sueyoshi founding his own school of bojutsu.

There is a DVD that presents footage of the sensei of Keio University karate demonstrating some kobujutsu kata within their lineage of Shotokan karate. It is Keio-ha Shotokan karate, I suppose, because it includes other kata outside of the "standard" Shotokan "syllabus", such as suparinpei. The kata displayed are Sakugawa no kon, Shushi no kon, and [what you could call] heian / pin'an [shodan / nidan] no sai ("sai no kata"), as well as pairwork with these weapons. When stating the history of their kobujutsu, the teachers are unsure of details, so cannot say for certain that Master Gichin Funakoshi was the one who taught these kata to the students of Keio University. Though, knowing that Master Gigo did practise at least [what looks like] Sakugawa no kon, there appears to be some direct link to seito Funakoshi karate.

 

Saijutsu kata is another story. I don't personally agree with the way the sai is applied in heian [shodan] (pin'an [nidan]). It is not realistic. Perhaps Master Gichin Funakoshi did not practise any sai kata, and only studied pairwork using sai against a bo, as photos illustrate. He did study under Master Aragaki (Niigaki), who was a noted kobujutsu expert and who even devised his own weapons kata such as Aragaki no sai. Master Funakoshi learnt Aragaki's unarmed kata niseshi and unsu (probably sochin, too, though he did not perpetuate Aragaki sochin in his kenpo). Therefore, he may well have been taught kobujutsu by Master Aragaki, additionally. But, again, this is not known fact.

From years ago, I decided to apply the karate kata that definitely fully suited certain weapons / tools, so as to practise the kobujutsu most evident in Funakoshi karate, even if the original intent was actually just for partial weapons use by defending from beginning empty-handed, but then to just apply other techniques completely unarmed. It may not be known with absolute certainty, but there are various sources I have noted that inspired me to go about studying particular karate kata with certain implements. While you can (and perhaps should) apply any karate kenpo kata to kobudo with one or more weapons, they do not all fit perfectly. Those that indicate, for example, some use of the staff, offer definite clues, while others show positions that compare with "actual" kobujutsu kata of the sai and kama, for instance. However, niseshi, for example, is noted to be a saijutsu kata. It works well as such, but I wouldn't say significantly so. 

However, if kata other than Tenryu no kon should be avoided in the absence of solid evidence, the kobujutsu of Master Funakoshi's Ryukyu kenpo is mostly simply kumibo and kumisai, following the teachings presented by Master Gichin Funakoshi himself. Yet, that doesn’t mean that other teachings can’t be added by anyone. Gichin Funakoshi himself sent Gigo Funakoshi and Masatoshi Nakayama, for instance, to learn from others such as experts in Okinawa, and Master Kenwa Mabuni, respectively. Karate must be allowed and encouraged to continue to grow.

S. R. Marshall

Funakoshi Okinawan Karate Study Group - Facebook Group

The Funakoshi Okinawan Karate Study Group has a facebook group that you can join, though you must be approved to become a member and be able to discuss the topic via the group with the group.

Funakoshi Okinawan Karate Study Group in Essex - Studying the Okinawan Origins of Japanese Shotokan Karate

I have decided to start a free (i.e. no fees) karate study group for Okinawan Funakoshi-ha Shorin Ryu karate kenpo & kobujutsu, called the Funakoshi Okinawan Karate Study Group (or the Funakoshi Karate Study Group), as an extension of my research into the Okinawan origins of Japanese Shotokan karate. Visit the link below or the dedicated page on this web-page for more details.

Funakoshi Okinawan Karate Study Group

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Shotokan Karate Magazine (July 2015, Issue 124): Master Gichin Funakoshi's Real Knowledge of Karate Kenpo, by Sean R. Marshall

Check out the latest issue of Shotokan Karate Magazine (July 2015, issue 124) for an article I wrote called "Master Gichin Funakoshi's Real Knowledge of Karate Kenpo".

http://www.shotokanmag.com/magazine.html

• Interview: Sensei Jan Knobel, 8th Dan - Bob Sidoli
• Communication - Brian Gonsalves,
• The Challenge Of Relaxation For New Students - Tony Cuffie
• Vanishing Point: When What You See Becomes What You Are - Mike Clarke
• A Vehicle For Change, A Mirror For Life - Jeff Hutchings
• Hip Replacement And Resuming Karate Training - Katsu Tiru Jr.
• Master Gichin Funakoshi's Real Knowledge of Karate Kenpo - Sean R. Marshall

Editor: John Cheetham