History

Apparently, Pechin Takahara studied Uchinā-tī, and Kūsankū studied quanfa (kenpō). According to Master Gichin Funakoshi, te (tī) could be correctly called Shuri-te (Sui-tī) and Nawa-te (as written in the English translation of Karate-Dō Ichiro – this is probably actually Naha-te). This, in my opinion, relates to the difference between Okinawan and Chinese boxing, the latter being largely practised in Naha / Nāfa. Although, often the two styles noted are Shōrin-ryū and Shōrei-ryū. Prior to 1926/7, the names Shuri-te, Naha-te and Tomari-te (Tumai-tī) were not officially noted. Karate / karati was usually referred to as the art of tī or Bushi-nu-tī. There are also other types of Okinawa-te, such as Motobu Udun-tī (Udundi). However, regarding such terms as Shōrin-ryū, Shōrei-ryū, etc., they are not particularly relevant. Really, karati is the same as saying gongfu or quanfa. It is the way of opposites (yin and yang), and comprises many different kinds of karati / quanfa / Ryūkyū kenpō, such as Naihanchi, Kūsankū, etc. 

Masters Takahara and Kūsankū, as well as sifu in / from China, and Jigen-ryū sensei in / from Japan, taught Pechin "Tōdī" / "Kara-ti" Kanga Sakugawa, who instructed Pechin Bushi Sōkon Matsumura, who also learnt from Master Iwah, Master Ijuin Yashichiro of Jigen-ryū kenjutsu, and Master (Lord) Yabiku.  

Tonochi Ankō (Yasutsune) Asato (Azato) learnt from Master Matsumura principally, and, among many other martial accomplishments, became a master of Jigen-ryū swordsmanship as well. 

Pechin Ankō Shishū (Yasutsune Itosu) also studied under Master Matsumura, in addition to learning from Masters Nagahama, Gusukuma, Matsumora, and others. Nagahama studied under Master Ason, and Gusukuma was an expert from Tomari who greatly influenced the direction of Shishū's tī. 

Asato continued Matsumura's karati, while Itosu perpetuated Gusukuma's karati.

These two teachers – Asato and Itosu – were the principal masters of Shizoku Gichin Funakoshi, though other teachers of his included Master Matsumura himself, and Masters Kiyuna (another student of Matsumura's), Tōonno (Hijonna / Higaonna) [of Naha], and Tsuji Pechin Seishō Aragaki (Niigaki), and, apparently, according to Master Shōshin Nagamine, another master by the title and name of Pechin Anri. Funakoshi's son, Gigō, studied the kata (system) Kudaka sōchin in place of his father.

Master Funakoshi taught such people (mostly Okinawan or Japanese) as Shinkin Gima (Gima-ha Shōtōkan-ryū), Takeshi Shimoda, Isao Obata (Nihon Karate Kyokai – Japan Karate Association – JKA, Keio karate, and other university karate), Hironori Otsuka (Wadō-ryū), Konishi Yasuhiro (Shindō Jinen Ryū), Gigō Funakoshi (further developed “Shōtōkan” karate to be what it is today in many “Shōtōkan” dōjō, at least in terms of empty-handed style, if not also including weapons etc.), Taira Shinken (Ryūkyū Kobudō / Kobujutsu Hozon Shinko Kai & Funakoshi Shōrin-ryū karate), Shigeru Egami (Shōtōkai), Genshin Hironishi (Shōtōkai), Masatoshi Nakayama (JKA), Hidetaka Nishiyama (JKA, AAKF, & ITKF), Tsutomu Ohshima (Shōtōkan Karate of America), Mitsusuke Harada (Shōtōkai that he had initially just called Shōtōkan), Masutatsu Ōyama (Kyokushinkai), and many more. Others he taught directly to some degree include Taiji Kase (who learnt from a range of teachers, as did many of his seniors, peers, and juniors, one such teacher being Gigō Funakoshi from 1944 – Kase-ha Shōtōkan-ryū), Hirokazu Kanazawa (SKIF), and Keinosuke Enoeda (KUGB), who all learnt from Master Nakayama in particular. After The Great Pacific War (World War II), Funakoshi instructed American men, too. 

Isao Obata was Nakayama’s senior when the JKA was first started. Obata can be seen instructing in footage and photos, along with Gichin Funakoshi. Hence, university karate is very similar to the kind of Funakoshi karate practised in the JKA, although there are differences, in the same way that variations occur from teacher to teacher wherever you go. Keio karate is similar, for example, but also contains differences.